Spring Boot TestEntityManager
Spring Boot TestEntityManager 教程展示了如何使用 TestEntityManager 在 JPA 测试中。TestEntityManager 提供了 EntityManager 方法的子集 对于测试以及常见测试任务的帮助程序方法很有用 例如“保留”或“查找”。
Spring是一个流行的 Java 应用程序框架，用于创建企业应用程序。Spring Boot 是 Spring框架的演变，有助于创建 基于Spring的独立生产级应用程序，只需最少的努力。
测试实体管理器
TestEntityManager允许在测试中使用。春天是一个抽象的结束; 它使开发人员免受JPA的较低级别细节的影响，并带来了许多便利 方法。但是春天允许在需要时使用 应用程序代码和测试。EntityManagerRepositoryEntityManagerEntityManager
在我们的测试中，我们可以注入数据源、@JdbcTemplate、@EntityManager或任何 来自我们应用程序的 Spring 数据存储库。
弹簧测试实体管理器示例
以下应用程序用于保存一些 测试方法中的城市实体。TestEntityManager
pom.xml
src
├───main
│ ├───java
│ │ └───com
│ │ └───zetcode
│ │ │ Application.java
│ │ │ MyRunner.java
│ │ ├───model
│ │ │ City.java
│ │ └───repository
│ │ CityRepository.java
│ └───resources
└───test
└───java
└───com
└───zetcode
└───repository
CityRepositoryTest.java这是项目结构。
绒球.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.zetcode</groupId>
<artifactId>springboottestentitymanager</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.6.7</version>
</parent>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
<artifactId>h2</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.6.7</version>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>该Maven POM文件包含Spring Data JPA，测试和H2数据库的依赖项。
com/zetcode/model/City.java
package com.zetcode.model;
import java.util.Objects;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;
@Entity
@Table(name = "cities")
public class City {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
private Long id;
private String name;
private int population;
public City() {
}
public City(String name, int population) {
this.name = name;
this.population = population;
}
public Long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getPopulation() {
return population;
}
public void setPopulation(int population) {
this.population = population;
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
int hash = 7;
hash = 79 * hash + Objects.hashCode(this.id);
hash = 79 * hash + Objects.hashCode(this.name);
hash = 79 * hash + this.population;
return hash;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if (this == obj) {
return true;
}
if (obj == null) {
return false;
}
if (getClass() != obj.getClass()) {
return false;
}
final City other = (City) obj;
if (this.population != other.population) {
return false;
}
if (!Objects.equals(this.name, other.name)) {
return false;
}
return Objects.equals(this.id, other.id);
}
@Override
public String toString() {
var builder = new StringBuilder();
builder.append("City{id=").append(id).append(", name=")
.append(name).append(", population=")
.append(population).append("}");
return builder.toString();
}
}这是实体。City
com/zetcode/repository/CityRepository.java
package com.zetcode.repository;
import com.zetcode.model.City;
import org.springframework.data.repository.CrudRepository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import java.util.List;
@Repository
public interface CityRepository extends CrudRepository<City, Long> {
List<City> findByName(String name);
}CityRepository包含自定义方法。Spring 检查方法的名称，并从其关键字派生查询。findByName()
com/zetcode/MyRunner.java
package com.zetcode;
import com.zetcode.model.City;
import com.zetcode.repository.CityRepository;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class MyRunner implements CommandLineRunner {
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyRunner.class);
@Autowired
private CityRepository cityRepository;
@Override
public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
logger.info("Saving cities");
cityRepository.save(new City("Bratislava", 432000));
cityRepository.save(new City("Budapest", 1759000));
cityRepository.save(new City("Prague", 1280000));
cityRepository.save(new City("Warsaw", 1748000));
logger.info("Retrieving cities");
var cities = cityRepository.findAll();
cities.forEach(city -> logger.info("{}", city));
}
}Inwe 使用 thes 来保存和 检索实体。数据存储在内存中的 H2 数据库中。MyRunnerCityRepository
注意：在 Java 企业应用程序中，这是一种很好的做法 以定义使用存储库的服务层。出于简单起见， 我们跳过服务层。
com/zetcode/Application.java
package com.zetcode;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
}
}设置弹簧引导应用程序。 启用自动配置和 组件扫描。Application@SpringBootApplication
com/zetcode/repository/CityRepositoryTest.java
package com.zetcode.repository;
import com.zetcode.model.City;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.DataJpaTest;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.TestEntityManager;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@DataJpaTest
public class CityRepositoryTest {
@Autowired
private TestEntityManager entityManager;
@Autowired
private CityRepository repository;
@Test
public void testFindByName() {
entityManager.persist(new City("Bratislava", 432000));
entityManager.persist(new City("Budapest", 1759000));
entityManager.persist(new City("Prague", 1280000));
entityManager.persist(new City("Warsaw", 1748000));
var cities = repository.findByName("Bratislava");
assertEquals(1, cities.size());
assertThat(cities).extracting(City::getName).containsOnly("Bratislava");
}
}在中，我们测试自定义 JPA 方法。CityRepositoryTest
@Autowired
private TestEntityManager entityManager;我们注入。TestEntityManager
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@DataJpaTest
public class CityRepositoryTest {@DataJpaTest用于测试 JPA 存储库。它与 @RunWith（SpringRunner.class）。注释禁用完全自动配置 并且仅应用与 JPA 测试相关的配置。默认情况下，测试 使用@DataJpaTest注释使用嵌入式内存数据库。
entityManager.persist(new City("Bratislava", 432000));
entityManager.persist(new City("Budapest", 1759000));
entityManager.persist(new City("Prague", 1280000));
entityManager.persist(new City("Warsaw", 1748000));我们用方法拯救了四个城市。EntityManager'spersist()
var cities = repository.findByName("Bratislava");
assertEquals(1, cities.size());我们测试该方法返回一个城市。findByName()
assertThat(cities).extracting(City::getName).containsOnly("Bratislava");
在这里，我们测试城市的名称。
$ mvn spring-boot:test
我们运行测试。
在本教程中，我们在测试中使用了。TestEntityManager